| CPC G06F 3/0659 (2013.01) [G06F 3/061 (2013.01); G06F 3/0679 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. An inflight-Input/Output (I/O)-based storage emulation system, comprising:
a plurality of host devices;
a plurality of storage devices that provide a first primary storage system, a first secondary storage system, and a first metadata storage system; and
a storage emulation device coupled to each of the plurality of host devices and the plurality of storage devices, wherein the storage emulation device is configured to:
store Input/Output (I/O) commands, which were generated by at least some of the plurality of host devices and that are directed to the first primary storage system, in a first primary storage system I/O queue;
determine, during a first time period, that a first predicted I/O operation measurement that is based on first I/O commands stored in the first primary storage system I/O queue does not exceed a first primary storage system I/O operation threshold and, in response:
execute at least some of the first I/O commands stored in the first primary storage system I/O queue to store first data in the first primary storage system;
determine, during a second time period that is subsequent to the first time period, that a second predicted I/O operation measurement that is based on second I/O commands stored in the first primary storage system I/O queue exceeds the first primary storage system I/O operation threshold and, in response:
execute at least some of the second I/O commands stored in the first primary storage system I/O queue to store second data in the first secondary storage system; and
provide, in the first metadata storage system, second data mapping information that identifies at least one storage location in the first primary storage system associated with the second data stored in the first secondary storage system.
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