| CPC G06F 11/2263 (2013.01) [G06N 3/04 (2013.01); G06N 3/092 (2023.01)] | 15 Claims |

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1. A method comprising:
configuring, by an electronic device, a memory element as a graph with at least one vertex and at least one edge, at least one node associated with the memory element being encoded with information of at least one of a fault, a degree of the fault in a row of the memory element, a degree of the fault in a column of the memory element, a degree of spare rows available in the memory element, and a degree of spare columns available in the memory element;
determining, from the graph by the electronic device, a repair policy using a probability distribution over at least one of a faulty line and a non-faulty line as predicted by a graph neural network (GNN) based on a final node feature value from message passing stages of the GNN; and
determining, by the electronic device, a value of a state using a probability of the memory element being repaired from a particular state based on a global mean of all final node feature values predicted by the GNN.
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