| CPC G03G 15/751 (2013.01) [C08L 9/02 (2013.01)] | 17 Claims |

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1. An electrophotographic electro-conductive member, comprising:
a support having an electro-conductive outer surface; and
an electro-conductive layer on the outer surface of the support, the electro-conductive layer comprising a matrix including a cross-linked product of a first rubber, and domains dispersed in the matrix;
the domains comprising a cross-linked product of a second rubber different from the first rubber and carbon black; and
the cross-linked product of the second rubber comprising, in a molecule, a structural unit represented by formula (I)
[—(CH2)n—O—] (I), where n is an integer of 1 to 3, wherein
when L is a longitudinal direction length of the electro-conductive layer is denoted and T is a thickness of the electro-conductive layer is denoted, for each cross-section of the electro-conductive layer in a thickness direction at three locations of a center of the electro-conductive layer in a longitudinal direction and L/4 from both ends toward the center of the electro-conductive layer, and
when 15 μm square observation regions are placed at three arbitrary locations in a thickness region from an outer surface of the electro-conductive layer to a depth of 0.1-0.9 T, at least 80% of the number of the domains observed in each of the total of nine observation regions satisfy (1) and (2)
(1) a ratio of a cross-sectional area of the carbon black included in the domain with respect to a cross-sectional area of the domain is at least 20%, and
(2) A/B is 1.00 or more to 1.10 or less when A is a perimeter of the domain and B is an envelope perimeter of the domain.
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