| CPC C23C 14/0605 (2013.01) [C23C 14/024 (2013.01); C23C 14/35 (2013.01); G01N 27/308 (2013.01); H01J 37/3277 (2013.01)] | 7 Claims |

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1. An electrode comprising: a substrate film, a metal underlying layer, and a conductive carbon layer in this order toward one side in a thickness direction,
wherein a ratio (O/C) of oxygen to carbon at a place 4.5 nm away from a one-side surface of the conductive carbon layer toward the other side in the thickness direction is less than 0.01, and
wherein the ratio (O/C) of oxygen to carbon is measured using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
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