a substrate;

a pixel defining layer disposed on the substrate; and

an electrode layer located between the substrate and the pixel defining layer;

wherein the pixel defining layer is provided with a through hole disposed through the pixel defining layer to the electrode layer; the electrode layer comprises a first transparent conductive layer, a second transparent conductive layer, and a light-shielding conductive layer that are arranged in a stack, the first transparent conductive layer is sandwiched between the substrate and the light-shielding conductive layer, the light-shielding conductive layer is sandwiched between the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer, and along a stacking direction of the electrode layer, an area of an orthographic projection of the first transparent conductive layer on the substrate is larger than an area of an orthographic projection of the light-shielding conductive layer on the substrate.