decoding a set of two or more pictures to obtain respective decoded pictures of the set of two or more pictures, the set comprising at least a first picture coded with a first spatial resolution, and a second picture coded with a second spatial resolution different from the first spatial resolution;

storing the respective decoded pictures of the set of two or more pictures in a decoded picture buffer based on corresponding spatial resolutions; and

obtaining a list of reference pictures comprising the respective decoded pictures of the set of two or more pictures stored in the decoded picture buffer, wherein the list of reference pictures is used for inter prediction of a third picture temporally subsequent to the set of two or more pictures without changing the corresponding spatial resolutions of the respective decoded pictures where a spatial resolution of the third picture is different from a spatial resolution of a respective decoded picture to be used for the inter prediction of the third picture; and

respectively signaling a picture width and a picture height for each picture of the set of two or more pictures using a picture parameter set (PPS),

wherein the third picture subsequent to the set of two or more pictures comprises a current picture coded with a third spatial resolution based on a reference picture of the list of reference pictures, and wherein a ratio is determined based on the third spatial resolution and a spatial resolution of the reference picture for decoding the current picture.