| CPC H02J 7/007182 (2020.01) [H01M 10/44 (2013.01); H01M 10/48 (2013.01); H02J 7/0013 (2013.01); H01M 2220/20 (2013.01)] | 19 Claims |

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1. A battery system, comprising:
a non-reference battery cell;
a reference battery cell including a cathode, an anode, a reference electrode, and a temperature sensor for measuring a temperature of the reference battery cell and generating a temperature signal corresponding to the temperature;
a potential measuring means configured to measure a reference potential, which is a potential between the anode and the reference electrode of the reference battery cell, and to generate a potential signal corresponding to the reference potential; and
a controlling means configured to receive the temperature signal and the potential signal and to apply, during a charging process of the battery system, a charging current to the battery system, wherein an allowed maximum charging current for the battery system is determined by the temperature signal and the potential signal.
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