| CPC H01M 10/0525 (2013.01) [C04B 35/50 (2013.01); H01M 10/052 (2013.01); H01M 10/0562 (2013.01); H01M 10/058 (2013.01); H01M 50/403 (2021.01); H01M 50/434 (2021.01); H01M 50/489 (2021.01); C04B 2235/764 (2013.01); H01M 2300/0071 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A method of making a solid garnet membrane, comprising:
pre-treating a solid garnet membrane comprising an air sensitive lithium-containing garnet with water by soaking the air sensitive lithium-containing garnet in water at a temperature in a range of 0° C. to 50° C. for a time in a range of 0.5 minutes to 60 minutes to form a uniform protonated garnet surface composition; and
contacting the uniform protonated garnet surface composition of the solid garnet membrane with an acid to form a porous uniform protonated garnet surface composition, wherein the acid is at a concentration in a range of 1M to 5M.
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