CPC A61B 5/685 (2013.01) [A61B 5/0022 (2013.01); A61B 5/14514 (2013.01); A61B 5/14532 (2013.01); A61B 5/14546 (2013.01); A61B 5/14865 (2013.01); A61B 5/6833 (2013.01); A61B 5/742 (2013.01)] | 88 Claims |
1. A microneedle array for use in sensing an analyte, comprising:
a first solid, lumen-free microneedle comprising a working electrode, wherein the working electrode comprises a first electrode material and a biorecognition layer on the first electrode material, wherein the biorecognition layer comprises a biorecognition element configured to react with the analyte, wherein a distal tip of the first solid, lumen-free microneedle is insulated;
a second, lumen-free solid microneedle comprising a counter electrode, wherein the counter electrode comprises a second electrode material; and
a third solid, lumen-free microneedle comprising a reference electrode, wherein the reference electrode comprises a third electrode material and a redox-couple layer on the third electrode material, and
wherein a redox reaction occurs between the working electrode on the first solid, lumen-free microneedle and the counter electrode on the second solid, lumen-free microneedle.
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