| CPC H10N 70/8416 (2023.02) [H10N 70/023 (2023.02); H10B 63/30 (2023.02); H10B 63/80 (2023.02); H10N 70/063 (2023.02); H10N 70/24 (2023.02); H10N 70/826 (2023.02)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A memory device, comprising:
a bottom electrode comprising a via portion in a dielectric layer, and a top portion over the dielectric layer, the top portion of the bottom electrode comprising a non-noble metal layer above the dielectric layer, and a noble metal layer above the non-noble metal layer;
a buffer element over the bottom electrode;
a metal-containing oxide portion over the buffer element, wherein the metal-containing oxide portion has a same metal material as that of the buffer element;
a resistance switch element over the metal-containing oxide portion; and
a top electrode over the resistance switch element.
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