| CPC H01M 4/628 (2013.01) [C01B 32/174 (2017.08); C01B 32/194 (2017.08); C01B 32/21 (2017.08); C09C 1/56 (2013.01); H01M 4/134 (2013.01); H01M 4/366 (2013.01); H01M 4/382 (2013.01); H01M 4/405 (2013.01); H01M 10/0525 (2013.01); H01M 10/0585 (2013.01); C01P 2002/72 (2013.01); C01P 2002/85 (2013.01); C01P 2004/03 (2013.01); C01P 2004/04 (2013.01); C01P 2004/62 (2013.01); C01P 2004/64 (2013.01); C01P 2006/40 (2013.01); H01M 2004/021 (2013.01); H01M 2004/027 (2013.01)] | 29 Claims |

|
1. A lithium battery comprising:
a cathode, an anode, and a liquid-impermeable ion-conductive membrane between the cathode and the anode, and
an interlayer comprising a metal-carbon composite between the anode and the liquid-impermeable ion-conductive membrane, wherein the metal-carbon composite comprises:
a carbonaceous material,
a metal chemically bonded to the carbonaceous material, wherein the metal comprises silver, gold, platinum, palladium, silicon, aluminum, bismuth, zinc, gallium, indium, or a combination thereof, and
a metal sulfide, a metal fluoride, or a combination thereof, chemically bonded to the carbonaceous material, wherein the metal sulfide comprises a silver sulfide, a zinc sulfide, a platinum sulfide, a silicon sulfide, a bismuth sulfide, a gold sulfide, a gallium sulfide, an indium sulfide, an aluminum sulfide, or a combination thereof.
|