| CPC H01M 4/366 (2013.01) [H01M 4/386 (2013.01); H01M 4/623 (2013.01); H01M 4/625 (2013.01); H01M 2004/021 (2013.01); H01M 2004/027 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. An anode material, comprising: silicon-based particles, wherein the silicon-based particles comprise a silicon-containing substrate; at least a part of the surface of the silicon-containing substrate comprises
(i) a polymer layer, and
(ii) an amorphous carbon layer;
at least one of the polymer layer or the amorphous carbon layer comprises carbon nanotubes;
the silicon-based particles comprise metal elements; the metal elements comprise Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, or any combination thereof; and a content of the metal elements is greater than 0 ppm and less than about 2500 ppm based on a total weight of the silicon-based particles.
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