US 12,334,539 B2
Protective layers for lithium metal electrodes and methods of forming the same
Yifan Zhao, Warren, MI (US); and Xingcheng Xiao, Troy, MI (US)
Assigned to GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC, Detroit, MI (US)
Filed by GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC, Detroit, MI (US)
Filed on Apr. 14, 2022, as Appl. No. 17/720,913.
Prior Publication US 2023/0335706 A1, Oct. 19, 2023
Int. Cl. H01M 4/133 (2010.01); H01M 4/04 (2006.01); H01M 4/36 (2006.01); H01M 4/62 (2006.01)
CPC H01M 4/133 (2013.01) [H01M 4/0416 (2013.01); H01M 4/366 (2013.01); H01M 4/623 (2013.01)] 18 Claims
OG exemplary drawing
 
1. An electrode assembly comprising:
an electroactive material layer; and
a protective layer disposed on or adjacent to one or more surfaces of the electroactive material layer, the protective layer comprising:
a carbonaceous matrix having lithium fluoride and a nitrate salt distributed therein, the carbonaceous matrix being formed from a fluoropolymer, and
residual fluoropolymer,
wherein the protective layer has a first surface adjacent to the one or more surfaces of the electroactive material layer and a second surface opposite to the first surface,
wherein a first compositional gradient in the protective layer is defined from the first surface having a first amount of lithium fluoride that is greater than a second amount of lithium fluoride at the second surface, and a second compositional gradient in the protective layer is defined from the first surface having a first amount of residual fluoropolymer that is less than a second amount of residual fluoropolymer at the second surface.