| CPC G06N 10/70 (2022.01) [G06N 10/20 (2022.01); H03M 13/611 (2013.01); H03M 13/6575 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A quantum computing device comprising:
a logical qubit encoding surface including a plurality of plaquettes, wherein:
each plaquette of the plurality of plaquettes includes a plurality of measurement-based qubits;
the plurality of measurement-based qubits includes four data qubits, a first ancilla qubit, and a second ancilla qubit; and
the first ancilla qubit is electrically connected, via separate corresponding electrical connections, to the four data qubits and the second ancilla qubit.
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