| CPC C12M 23/16 (2013.01) [B33Y 80/00 (2014.12); C12M 3/00 (2013.01); C12M 23/44 (2013.01); C12M 29/20 (2013.01); C12M 29/24 (2013.01); C12M 41/46 (2013.01)] | 18 Claims |

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1. A bioreactor, comprising:
an inlet configured to receive a plurality of cells;
a macrostructure comprising a plurality of minimodules in fluid communication with the inlet, wherein a minimodule of the plurality of minimodules (i) comprises a gyroid structure, double gyroid structure, a modified gyroid structure, or a modified double gyroid structure and (ii) is fluidically connected to another minimodule of the plurality of minimodules via one or more connections to provide at least one microchannel configured to flow the plurality of cells, and wherein the modified gyroid structure or modified double gyroid structure comprises a modification to (1) a shape or (2) a connection of the one or more connections of the gyroid structure or double gyroid structure, respectively; and
an outlet in fluid communication with the plurality of minimodules, wherein the outlet is configured to direct the plurality of cells or cell products generated from the plurality of cells out of the at least one microchannel.
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