| CPC B01D 69/145 (2013.01) [B01D 67/00793 (2022.08); B01D 69/1216 (2022.08); B01D 2323/081 (2022.08); B01D 2323/39 (2013.01); B01D 2325/10 (2013.01); B01D 2325/12 (2013.01); B01D 2325/14 (2013.01); B01D 2325/42 (2013.01)] | 17 Claims |

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1. A method for assembling a bipolar membrane, the method comprising:
at least one of electrospinning, centrifugal spinning, and electrocentrifugal spinning a first cation exchange layer comprising a first water splitting catalyst and a first cation exchange polymer;
at least one of electrospinning, centrifugal spinning, and electrocentrifugal spinning a junction layer; and
at least one of electrospinning, centrifugal spinning, and electrocentrifugal spinning a first anion exchange layer comprising a second water splitting catalyst and a first anion exchange polymer, wherein the first cation exchange layer and the first anion exchange layer are provided adjacent to and on opposite sides of the junction layer;
wherein the first water splitting catalyst and the second water splitting catalyst are one or more independently selected from a group consisting of porous silica materials, aluminium silicates, zeolites, organic catalysts.
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