| CPC H10F 39/807 (2025.01) [H01L 21/76224 (2013.01); H10F 39/011 (2025.01); H10F 39/811 (2025.01)] | 18 Claims |

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1. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising:
providing a substrate with a pixel region and a pad region;
forming a trench fill structure in the pixel region of the substrate;
forming a plug structure in the pad region of the substrate;
forming a buffer dielectric layer over both the pixel region and the pad region of the substrate so that both the trench fill structure and the plug structure are embedded in the buffer dielectric layer;
etching the buffer dielectric layer to form a first opening and a second opening, the first opening exposing at least part of the substrate around a top side wall portion of the trench fill structure and/or at least a top portion of the trench fill structure, the second opening exposing at least a top portion of the plug structure; and
forming a metal grid layer on the buffer dielectric layer in the pixel region so that the metal grid layer fills the first opening and is electrically connected to the exposed part of the substrate and/or the exposed portion of the trench fill structure,
wherein the trench fill structure comprises a high-k dielectric layer, the high-k dielectric layer being sandwiched between a side wall of a fill material and the substrate.
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