| CPC F01N 9/005 (2013.01) [F01N 3/023 (2013.01); F01N 3/027 (2013.01); F01N 3/2006 (2013.01); F01N 3/2013 (2013.01); F01N 9/00 (2013.01); F01N 9/002 (2013.01); F01N 11/002 (2013.01); F01N 11/005 (2013.01); F01N 13/0097 (2014.06); F02D 41/024 (2013.01); F02D 41/1446 (2013.01); F02D 41/1447 (2013.01); F02D 41/22 (2013.01); F02D 41/222 (2013.01); G01F 1/68 (2013.01); G01F 1/86 (2013.01); G01K 7/16 (2013.01); G01M 15/05 (2013.01); G05D 23/185 (2013.01); G05D 23/2401 (2013.01); G05D 23/30 (2013.01); G07C 5/0808 (2013.01); H05B 1/0227 (2013.01); H05B 1/0244 (2013.01); H05B 3/0042 (2013.01); H05B 3/141 (2013.01); H05B 3/18 (2013.01); H05B 3/20 (2013.01); H05B 3/40 (2013.01); F01N 3/021 (2013.01); F01N 3/0814 (2013.01); F01N 3/103 (2013.01); F01N 3/106 (2013.01); F01N 3/2066 (2013.01); F01N 2240/10 (2013.01); F01N 2240/16 (2013.01); F01N 2240/36 (2013.01); F01N 2410/00 (2013.01); F01N 2410/04 (2013.01); F01N 2550/22 (2013.01); F01N 2560/06 (2013.01); F01N 2560/07 (2013.01); F01N 2560/12 (2013.01); F01N 2560/20 (2013.01); F01N 2610/102 (2013.01); F01N 2900/0416 (2013.01); F01N 2900/1404 (2013.01); F01N 2900/1406 (2013.01); F01N 2900/1411 (2013.01); F01N 2900/1602 (2013.01); F02D 2041/1433 (2013.01); F02D 2041/228 (2013.01); F28F 2200/00 (2013.01); G01K 2205/04 (2013.01); H01C 7/02 (2013.01); H01C 7/04 (2013.01); H05B 2203/019 (2013.01); H05B 2203/021 (2013.01); H05B 2203/022 (2013.01); Y02T 10/12 (2013.01); Y02T 10/40 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A control system for use in a fluid flow application comprising:
a heater having at least one resistive heating element having a relationship between resistance and temperature defining a non-monotonic curve, the heater operable to heat fluid flow; and
a control device configured to determine a flow characteristic of the fluid flow and a temperature of the at least one resistive heating element along the non-monotonic curve between resistance and temperature based on a change in resistance of the at least one resistive heating element.
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