| CPC C12Q 1/686 (2013.01) [C12Q 1/6806 (2013.01)] | 14 Claims |

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1. A device for controlling an ionic environment in a droplet, comprising:
a dielectric substrate;
a biological sensor mounted to the substrate;
and at least a pair of electrodes mounted to the substrate and electrically isolated from each other and from the sensor, the electrodes having a dentritic surface morphology;
wherein the biological sensor is disposed between the pair of electrodes.
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