| CPC H01L 21/76843 (2013.01) [H01L 21/68 (2013.01); H01L 23/53238 (2013.01); H01L 24/09 (2013.01); H01L 25/0657 (2013.01); H01L 25/50 (2013.01); H01L 2224/08237 (2013.01); H01L 2225/06513 (2013.01); H01L 2924/37001 (2013.01)] | 30 Claims | 

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               1. A bonded structure comprising: 
            a first substrate having a first bonding surface, the first substrate comprising: 
                a first insulating layer having an upper surface extending parallel to a the first bonding surface; 
                  an embedded barrier layer disposed on and extending parallel to the first insulating layer without extending below the upper surface of the first insulating layer; 
                  a second insulating layer disposed on and extending parallel to the embedded barrier layer, an upper surface of the second insulating layer forming part of the first bonding surface; and 
                  a first contact pad extending through the second insulating layer, through the embedded barrier layer, and at least partially through the first insulating layer, and 
                a second substrate having a second bonding surface, the second substrate including an insulating material and a second contact pad, 
                wherein the first bonding surface is directly bonded to the second bonding surface, and the first contact pad is directly bonded to the second contact pad, at a bonding interface without an intervening adhesive. 
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