| CPC G01N 27/07 (2013.01) [G01N 27/045 (2013.01); G01N 33/386 (2013.01)] | 28 Claims |

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1. A method of determining a gas volume fraction in a conductive liquid, comprising:
(a) immersing a first electrode in the conductive liquid, wherein the first electrode is electrically connected to a resistor and a voltage source, and wherein the conductive liquid comprises molten glass;
(b) immersing a second electrode electrically connected to the voltage source in the conductive liquid;
(c) determining resistance information indicative of an electrical resistance of the conductive liquid between the first electrode and the second electrode; and
(d) determining a gas volume fraction in the conductive liquid based on the measurement.
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