| CPC H02J 3/381 (2013.01) [G05B 13/022 (2013.01); G05B 15/02 (2013.01); H02J 13/00 (2013.01); H02J 13/00009 (2020.01); H02J 13/00028 (2020.01); G06Q 50/06 (2013.01); H02J 2203/20 (2020.01)] | 18 Claims |

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1. A method of estimating a physical characteristic of a network element in a distributed energy resource system having a plurality of assets electrically connected by a plurality of network elements, the method comprising:
injecting a large power or current signal from a given controllable asset into the DERs system, the large signal having a frequency of less than 1 kHz and being greater than 10% of the power rating of the controllable asset injecting the power signal;
measuring a voltage perturbation:
i) magnitude, or
ii) magnitude and phase at the given frequency,
at two nodes in the DERs system;
calculating the voltage drop across the network element at the given frequency as a result of the injected signal;
estimating a physical characteristic of the network element as a function of the calculated voltage drop and the injected signal.
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