| CPC G01S 7/4813 (2013.01) [G01S 7/497 (2013.01); G01S 17/36 (2013.01); G01S 2007/4975 (2013.01); G01S 17/894 (2020.01)] | 15 Claims |

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1. A method comprising:
emitting light from a module at a first modulation frequency and emitting light at a second modulation frequency, the light being emitted through a transmissive cover toward a target;
measuring first amplitude and phase shift values representing a combination of an optical signal reflected by the target and an optical signal reflected by the transmissive cover in response to the light emitted at the first modulation frequency;
measuring second amplitude and phase shift values representing a combination of an optical signal reflected by the target and an optical signal reflected by the transmissive cover in response to the light emitted at the second modulation frequency; and
estimating, using processing circuitry, an amplitude of an optical signal reflected by the transmissive cover and an amplitude of an optical signal reflected by the transmissive cover, the estimating being based, at least in part, on the measured first and second amplitude and phase shift values and on phase shift values obtained during calibration of the module, wherein estimating includes using an iterative process and/or using gradient descent.
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