US 12,305,300 B2
Current reversal tolerant multilayer material, method of making the same, use as an electrode, and use in electrochemical processes
Satyananda Kishore Pilli, Solon, OH (US)
Assigned to Water Star, Inc., Parkman, OH (US)
Filed by Water Star, Inc., Parkman, OH (US)
Filed on Apr. 27, 2023, as Appl. No. 18/308,398.
Application 18/308,398 is a continuation of application No. 16/049,284, filed on Jul. 30, 2018, granted, now 11,668,017.
Prior Publication US 2023/0257893 A1, Aug. 17, 2023
Int. Cl. C25B 11/093 (2021.01); C02F 1/78 (2023.01); C25B 1/13 (2006.01)
CPC C25B 11/093 (2021.01) [C02F 1/78 (2013.01); C25B 1/13 (2013.01); C02F 2303/22 (2013.01)] 17 Claims
OG exemplary drawing
 
1. An electrode comprising:
a substrate; and
a coating on the substrate, the coating comprising a plurality of layers, the plurality of layers comprising the following in sequence moving outwardly from the substrate:
a. a base layer comprising an oxide of a valve metal, the base layer being devoid of any platinum group metal oxide;
b. a lower layer comprising an oxide of a platinum group metal and/or an oxide of a precious metal, the lower layers being devoid of any valve metal oxide;
c. a mixed oxide primary layer comprising both: (i) an oxide of a platinum group metal and/or an oxide of a precious metal, and (ii) an oxide of a valve metal and/or an oxide of a group 15 metal; and
d. an intermediate layer comprising an oxide of a platinum group metal and/or an oxide of a precious metal, the intermediate layer being devoid of any valve metal oxide.