| CPC A61L 9/122 (2013.01) [B01D 46/0028 (2013.01); B01D 46/0038 (2013.01); B01D 53/047 (2013.01); B01D 53/30 (2013.01); B01D 53/8675 (2013.01); B01J 19/006 (2013.01); B01J 23/34 (2013.01); B01J 35/56 (2024.01); C01B 13/10 (2013.01); A61L 2209/111 (2013.01); A61L 2209/134 (2013.01); A61L 2209/14 (2013.01); A61L 2209/212 (2013.01); B01D 2253/108 (2013.01); B01D 2255/2073 (2013.01); B01D 2255/9155 (2013.01); B01D 2257/106 (2013.01); B01D 2257/404 (2013.01); B01D 2279/65 (2013.01)] | 19 Claims |

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1. A method for inactivation of pathogens suspended in a fluid, the method comprising:
providing an enclosed reactor space having an intake opening and an exhaust opening, said reactor space including: an ozone generator generating ozone within said reactor space;
flowing a fluid containing pathogens into said intake opening and through an ozone backflow preventer disposed within said reactor space, said backflow preventer comprising a catalyst;
while said fluid is within said reactor space, mixing said ozone into said fluid to inactivate said pathogens, said ozone backflow preventer inhibiting said fluid and ozone mixture from flowing out of said reactor space through said intake opening without said catalyst in said backflow preventer converting said ozone into oxygen;
passing said fluid and ozone mixture from said reactor space to a module stack comprising a plurality of monolithic substrates wherein:
a first layer of said module stack comprises a monolithic substrate coated with a catalyst converting said ozone into oxygen, and
a second layer downstream of said first layer in said module stack comprises a monolithic substrate coated with an NOx adsorbing compound,
wherein first layer and said second layer are separated by spacers;
allowing said fluid to pass out said exhaust opening after said fluid and ozone mixture is passed through said module stack and said ozone is converted into oxygen by said catalyst.
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