| CPC A61K 31/519 (2013.01) [A61K 31/095 (2013.01); A61K 31/166 (2013.01); A61K 31/175 (2013.01); A61K 31/397 (2013.01); A61P 25/36 (2018.01)] | 10 Claims |

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1. A method for suppressing or ameliorating withdrawal symptoms in subjects with chronic use of an opioid drug, comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a compound that down-regulates expression or cellular activity of GPR139 or an ortholog thereof, wherein the compound is a small organic molecule, thereby suppressing or ameliorating withdrawal symptoms in the subject.
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