CPC H01M 4/134 (2013.01) [H01M 4/1395 (2013.01); H01M 4/366 (2013.01); H01M 4/382 (2013.01); H01M 4/405 (2013.01); H01M 4/62 (2013.01); H01M 4/622 (2013.01); H01M 4/628 (2013.01); H01M 10/052 (2013.01); H01M 10/0525 (2013.01); H01M 10/0562 (2013.01); H01M 10/0565 (2013.01); H01M 10/0568 (2013.01); H01M 10/0569 (2013.01); H01M 10/4235 (2013.01); H01M 2004/021 (2013.01); H01M 2004/027 (2013.01); H01M 10/0585 (2013.01); H01M 2220/20 (2013.01); H01M 2300/0065 (2013.01); H01M 2300/0068 (2013.01); H01M 2300/0082 (2013.01); Y02E 60/10 (2013.01); Y02T 10/70 (2013.01)] | 18 Claims |
1. A negative electrode for a lithium metal battery comprising:
a lithium metal active material layer comprising lithium metal or a lithium metal alloy; and
a protective layer comprising (A) a liquid electrolyte or (B) a polymer ionic liquid having a polymeric cation and optionally a first lithium salt, and a plurality of organic particles having an average particle size of greater than 1 micrometer to about 100 micrometers, the protective layer having a thickness of about 1 micrometer to about 10 micrometers and disposed on at least a portion of the lithium metal active material layer,
wherein the protective layer has a Young's modulus of about 106 pascals to about 1011 pascals, and
wherein the organic particles comprise a polystyrene homopolymer, a copolymer having a styrene repeating unit and having a weight average molecular weight of about 10,000 Daltons to about 100,000 Daltons, or a combination of the polystyrene homopolymer and the copolymer having a styrene repeating unit, and
wherein the liquid electrolyte (A) comprises (1) a second lithium salt and an organic solvent, or (2) an ionic liquid comprising a cation and an anion, or a combination of (1) and (2).
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