| CPC B60W 30/188 (2013.01) [B60W 10/12 (2013.01); B60W 10/20 (2013.01); B60W 2510/12 (2013.01); F16H 48/05 (2013.01)] | 19 Claims |

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1. A drive axle system, comprising:
a displacement sensor directly coupled to a pinion input flange and configured to generate axial displacement data that corresponds to the pinion input flange, wherein the pinion input flange is coupled to an angled pinion gear via a shaft;
an angular speed sensor coupled to the displacement sensor and configured to generate angular speed data associated with the pinion input flange; and
a controller including instructions stored in memory that when executed cause the controller to:
determine a torque at the pinion input flange based on the axial displacement data;
wherein the pinion input flange is positioned external to a differential housing that at least partially surrounds the shaft; and
wherein the angled pinion gear meshes with a ring gear in a differential.
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