| CPC H04L 9/3278 (2013.01) [G06F 17/18 (2013.01); H04L 9/3255 (2013.01)] | 17 Claims |

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1. A Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) apparatus for determining a PUF output that is a persistent number, the PUF apparatus comprising:
a plurality of PUF cells, each comprising a plurality of electronic devices; and
a PUF output circuit configured to:
determine a measurement of a magnitude of a physical characteristic of each of at least first and second PUF cells of the plurality of PUF cells such that at least two measurements of the magnitude are determined; and
determine the PUF output based at least in part on the at least two measurements of the magnitude of the physical characteristic, wherein determining the PUF output comprises comparing each measurement of the at least two measurements against a plurality of comparison threshold magnitudes defining a plurality of ranges.
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