US 11,973,233 B2
Electrochemical catalysts with enhanced catalytic activity
Friedrich B. Prinz, Stanford, CA (US); Shicheng Xu, Stanford, CA (US); Yongmin Kim, Stanford, CA (US); Thomas Jaramillo, Stanford, CA (US); Drew C. Higgins, Stanford, CA (US); Maha Yusuf, Stanford, CA (US); Zhaoxuan Wang, Stanford, CA (US); Kyung Min Lee, Stanford, CA (US); Marat Orazov, Stanford, CA (US); Dong Un Lee, Stanford, CA (US); Tanja Graf, Wolfsburg (DE); Thomas Schladt, Wolfsburg (DE); Gerold Huebner, Wolfsburg (DE); Hanna-Lena Wittern, Wolfsburg (DE); and Jonathan Edward Mueller, Wolfsburg (DE)
Assigned to The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University, Stanford, CA (US); and Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft, Wolfsburg (DE)
Appl. No. 17/784,614
Filed by The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University, Stanford, CA (US); and Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft, Wolfsburg (DE)
PCT Filed Dec. 11, 2020, PCT No. PCT/US2020/064646
§ 371(c)(1), (2) Date Jun. 10, 2022,
PCT Pub. No. WO2021/119511, PCT Pub. Date Jun. 17, 2021.
Application 17/784,614 is a continuation of application No. 16/713,890, filed on Dec. 13, 2019.
Prior Publication US 2023/0009452 A1, Jan. 12, 2023
Int. Cl. H01M 4/92 (2006.01); C23C 16/455 (2006.01); H01M 4/86 (2006.01); H01M 4/88 (2006.01); H01M 8/1004 (2016.01); H01M 8/10 (2016.01)
CPC H01M 4/925 (2013.01) [C23C 16/45525 (2013.01); H01M 4/8668 (2013.01); H01M 4/8807 (2013.01); H01M 4/881 (2013.01); H01M 4/8867 (2013.01); H01M 4/8892 (2013.01); H01M 8/1004 (2013.01); H01M 2008/1095 (2013.01); H01M 2250/20 (2013.01); H01M 2300/0082 (2013.01)] 20 Claims
OG exemplary drawing
 
1. A catalyst structure comprising:
a substrate;
a template layer on the substrate; and
a catalyst layer on the template layer,
wherein the catalyst layer includes discrete regions that are spaced apart from one another, and at least one of the discrete regions includes a first portion that is bonded to the substrate or bonded to a region of the template layer between the first portion and the substrate and a second portion that extends over the substrate and is spaced apart from the substrate by a void.