CPC H01M 4/8803 (2013.01) [H01M 4/8657 (2013.01); H01M 4/8835 (2013.01); H01M 4/8875 (2013.01); H01M 4/8882 (2013.01); H01M 4/9058 (2013.01); H01M 8/1004 (2013.01); H01M 8/241 (2013.01); H01M 2004/8684 (2013.01); H01M 2004/8689 (2013.01); H01M 2300/0068 (2013.01)] | 3 Claims |
1. A membrane electrode assembly, comprising:
an ionically-conductive proton exchange membrane;
an anode contacting a first side of the membrane, the anode comprising:
an anode gas diffusion layer,
a first anode catalyst layer containing first catalyst particles, a hydrophobic polymer bonding agent, and a first ionomer bonding agent that lacks functional chains on a molecular backbone; and
a second anode catalyst layer containing second catalyst particles and a second ionomer bonding agent that includes functional chains on a molecular backbone; and
a cathode contacting a second side of the membrane and comprising third catalyst particles and a cathode gas diffusion layer.
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