| CPC H01L 31/02167 (2013.01) [H01L 31/032 (2013.01); H01L 31/077 (2013.01); H01L 31/1868 (2013.01); H10K 30/88 (2023.02); H10K 85/00 (2023.02); H10K 30/10 (2023.02); H10K 30/151 (2023.02); H10K 2102/102 (2023.02); Y02E 10/549 (2013.01); Y02P 70/50 (2015.11)] | 12 Claims |

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1. A photovoltaic device comprising a semiconductor, wherein the semiconductor comprises:
(a) a metal halide perovskite; and
(b) a passivating agent which is an organic compound;
wherein:
molecules of the passivating agent are disposed at grain boundaries within the metal halide perovskite and are not chemically bonded to anions or cations in the metal halide perovskite; and
the passivating agent is an organic compound having a molecular weight of less than 1000 g mol−1 and wherein the passivating agent comprises a non-polar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
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