| CPC G02B 13/0085 (2013.01) [G02B 13/0035 (2013.01); G02B 13/06 (2013.01); H01L 27/14645 (2013.01); H01L 27/14687 (2013.01); H04N 23/55 (2023.01); G02B 9/12 (2013.01); G03B 9/02 (2013.01)] | 14 Claims |

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1. A chip-level camera comprises:
an image sensor integrated circuit having a photosensor array;
a concave L1 lens element formed on an inside surface of a first substrate;
a convex L2 lens element formed on a first surface of a second substrate;
a diaphragm stop formed on a second surface of the second substrate or on a first surface of a third substrate, the diaphragm stop between the second and third substrate;
a convex L3 lens element formed on a second surface of a third substrate spaced from the image sensor integrated circuit;
a first spacer configured to hold first substrate at a predetermined distance from second the substrate;
and a second spacer configured to hold the second substrate at a predetermined distance from the image sensor integrated circuit;
wherein lens element L1 has a concave aspheric radius of R1, and lens L2 a convex aspheric radius of R2, such that 1.3 is less than absolute value of R2 divided by R1, and absolute value of R2 divided by R1 is less than 2.2.
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