| CPC A61B 5/685 (2013.01) [A61B 5/0022 (2013.01); A61B 5/14514 (2013.01); A61B 5/14532 (2013.01); A61B 5/14546 (2013.01); A61B 5/14865 (2013.01); A61B 5/6833 (2013.01); A61B 5/742 (2013.01); G01N 27/327 (2013.01)] | 18 Claims |

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1. A microneedle array for use in sensing an analyte, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate; and
a plurality of microneedles formed from the semiconductor substrate, the plurality of microneedles comprising:
a first microneedle comprising a first working electrode comprising a first biorecognition element configured to react with the analyte;
a second microneedle comprising a second working electrode comprising a second biorecognition element configured to react with the analyte; and
a third microneedle comprising a counter electrode,
wherein each of the first microneedle, the second microneedle, and the third microneedle are insulated from the semiconductor substrate and electrically isolated from one another such that a first redox reaction between the first working electrode and the counter electrode and a second redox reaction between the second working electrode and the counter electrode are independent of one another.
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