| CPC C25D 17/002 (2013.01) [C25D 17/001 (2013.01); C25D 17/008 (2013.01); C25D 17/08 (2013.01); C25D 17/10 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A cell to process a substrate, the cell comprising:
at least one chamber wall arranged to form a cavity below a holder of the substrate;
a membrane frame disposed on the at least one chamber wall and across the cavity; and
a membrane supported by the membrane frame and separating a first electrolyte from a second electrolyte, wherein the membrane comprises a surface extending from a center of the cavity radially outward and upward at an angle relative to a reference plane, wherein the angle is above the reference plane and measured from the reference plane to the surface of the membrane, and wherein the angle is greater than or equal to 0° and less than or equal to 3°.
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