| CPC C10B 57/02 (2013.01) [B09B 3/40 (2022.01); C10B 1/04 (2013.01); C10B 45/00 (2013.01); C10B 49/04 (2013.01); C10B 51/00 (2013.01); C10B 53/02 (2013.01); C10B 57/14 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |
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18. A carbonization apparatus comprising:
a conditioning chamber for receiving organic waste pieces, said conditioning chamber comprising
a first funnel at a top portion of the conditioning chamber, said first funnel configured to direct the organic waste into the conditioning chamber and to create a conditioning chamber vapour collection space around the first funnel where organic waste is unable to accumulate;
a conditioning vapour extraction pipe or duct positioned in the conditioning chamber vapour collection space for removing conditioning vapours from the conditioning chamber;
a first heat sleeve on an outer surface of the conditioning chamber, said first heat sleeve configured to heat the organic waste in the conditioning chamber to a temperature between about 100° C. and about 200° C.;
a torrefaction chamber for receiving organic waste from the conditioning chamber, said torrefaction chamber comprising:
a second funnel at a top portion of the torrefaction chamber, said second funnel configured to direct the organic waste from the conditioning chamber into the torrefaction chamber and to create a torrefaction chamber vapour collection space around the second funnel where organic waste is unable to accumulate:
a torrefaction vapour extraction pipe or duct positioned in the torrefaction vapour collection space for removing torrefaction vapours from the torrefaction chamber;
a second heat sleeve on an outer surface of the torrefaction chamber, said second heat sleeve configured to heat the organic waste in the torrefaction chamber to a temperature between about 200° C. and about 320° C.; and
a pyrolysis chamber for receiving organic waste from the torrefaction chamber, said pyrolysis chamber comprising:
a third funnel at a top portion of the pyrolysis chamber, said third funnel configured to direct the organic waste from the torrefaction chamber into the pyrolysis chamber and to create a pyrolysis chamber vapour collection space around the third funnel where organic waste is unable to accumulate;
a pyrolysis vapour extraction pipe or duct positioned in the pyrolysis chamber vapour collection space for removing pyrolysis vapours from the pyrolysis chamber;
a third heat sleeve on an outer surface of the pyrolysis chamber, said third heat sleeve configured to heat the organic waste in the pyrolysis chamber to a temperature between about 320° C. and about 800° C.,
an airlock affixed to the bottom portion of the conditioning chamber and to the top of the torrefaction chamber configured to pass organic waste from the conditioning chamber to the torrefaction chamber:
an airlock affixed to the bottom portion of the torrefaction chamber and to the top portion of the pyrolysis chamber configured to pass organic waste from the torrefaction chamber to the pyrolysis chamber; and
an airlock affixed to the bottom portion of the pyrolysis chamber configured to pass biochar to a collection hopper
wherein each airlock comprises an agitator for promoting movement of the organic waste through the carbonization apparatus while limiting passage of vapours, air or oxygen, and
wherein at least the conditioning chamber, torrefaction chamber and pyrolysis chamber are arranged in a substantially vertical stack to allow gravity to assist in moving the organic waste pieces from higher to lower chambers.
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