| CPC B01D 39/2072 (2013.01) [B01D 46/0001 (2013.01); B01D 46/02 (2013.01); B01D 47/06 (2013.01); B05D 5/08 (2013.01); B82B 3/0019 (2013.01); B82B 3/0047 (2013.01); B82Y 30/00 (2013.01); B82Y 40/00 (2013.01); B01D 2201/184 (2013.01)] | 30 Claims |

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1. A porous composite structure, comprising:
a substrate comprising a plurality of nanostructures;
a particle layer disposed on a surface of the substrate;
a liquid; and
an interlayer, wherein the interlayer is disposed on the surface of the substrate, and the particle layer is disposed on a surface of the interlayer,
wherein the interlayer comprises a hydrolyzed, dehydrated and condensed product of a compound represented by Formula 1:
H2N—R1—Si(OR2)3 Formula 1
wherein, in Formula 1,
R1 is a C1-C20 alkylene group or a C6-C20 arylene group, and
R2 is hydrogen, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C6-C20 aryl group, or Cl.
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