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1. A system for multimachine phase synchronization based on optical fiber transmission, comprising a master and a plurality of slaves, each of the master and the slaves being provided with an optical fiber transmitting interface and an optical fiber receiving interface, wherein the optical fiber transmitting interface of the master is connected to the optical fiber receiving interface of one slave by means of an optical fiber, the slave connected to the master is connected in series with the other slaves in turn, the optical fiber receiving interface of the slave is connected to the optical fiber transmitting interface of the previous slave connected thereto by means of an optical fiber, and the optical fiber transmitting interface of the slave is connected to the optical fiber receiving interface of the next slave connected thereto by means of an optical fiber; the master generates a new local digital reference source at an interval of time T, and transmits phase information of the local digital reference source thereof as a system synchronous phase signal to the slave connected to the master by means of an optical fiber, the optical fiber receiving interface of the slave receives the system synchronous phase signal, takes the received system synchronous phase signal as a phase of the local digital reference source, and transmits the system synchronous phase signal to the optical fiber receiving interface of a slave connected to the optical fiber transmitting interface of the slave through the optical fiber transmitting interface; and when the optical fiber transmitting interface of the last slave is connected to the optical fiber receiving interface of the master, the master and the slaves form a closed-loop communication test, and the closed-loop communication test comprises a self-test mode and a self-calibration mode.
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