US 12,276,634 B2
Apparatus, systems, and methods for determining susceptibility of microorganisms to anti-infectives
Oren S. Knopfmacher, San Francisco, CA (US); Meike Herget, Woodside, CA (US); August Estabrook, South San Francisco, CA (US); Nitin K. Rajan, Palo Alto, CA (US); and Michael D. Laufer, Menlo Park, CA (US)
Assigned to Avails Medical, Inc., Menlo Park, CA (US)
Filed by Avails Medical, Inc., Menlo Park, CA (US)
Filed on Jun. 9, 2022, as Appl. No. 17/806,206.
Application 17/806,206 is a continuation of application No. 16/716,945, filed on Dec. 17, 2019, granted, now 11,385,200.
Application 16/716,945 is a continuation of application No. PCT/US2018/031418, filed on May 7, 2018.
Claims priority of provisional application 62/525,671, filed on Jun. 27, 2017.
Prior Publication US 2022/0317087 A1, Oct. 6, 2022
This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.
Int. Cl. C12Q 1/18 (2006.01); G01N 27/416 (2006.01)
CPC G01N 27/4168 (2013.01) [C12Q 1/18 (2013.01)] 20 Claims
 
1. A system for detecting a susceptibility of one or more infectious agents to one or more anti-infectives, the system comprising:
a first housing comprising a first surface, wherein the first surface is configured to receive an aliquot of a sample comprising one or more infectious agents in the sample;
a second housing comprising a second surface, wherein the second surface is configured to receive another aliquot of the sample comprising one or more infectious agents in the sample;
a first fluid delivery conduit configured to introduce a first solution to the first surface such that the first solution is in fluid communication with the one or more infectious agents on the first surface, wherein the first solution comprises a nutrient solution and one or more anti-infectives;
a second fluid delivery conduit configured to introduce a second solution to the second surface such that the second solution is in fluid communication with the one or more infectious agents on the second surface, wherein the second solution comprises the nutrient solution and does not comprise the one or more anti-infectives;
a first sensor comprising a redox-active layer positioned on top of at least one conductive metallic layer, wherein the first sensor is coupled to the first housing such that the first sensor receives a portion of the first solution;
a second sensor comprising a redox-active layer positioned on top of at least one conductive metallic layer, wherein the second sensor is coupled to the second housing such that the second sensor receives a portion of the second solution; and
one or more parameter analyzers coupled to the first sensor and the second sensor, wherein the one or more parameter analyzers are configured to monitor a first oxidation reduction potential (ORP) of the first solution in fluid communication with the first sensor and to monitor a second ORP of the second solution in fluid communication with the second sensor,
wherein the first ORP is monitored in the absence of any added redox mediators or reporter molecules in the first solution,
wherein the second ORP is monitored in the absence of any added redox mediators or reporter molecules in the second solution, and
wherein the one or more parameter analyzers are configured to compare the first ORP with the second ORP to assess the susceptibility of the one or more infectious agents to the one or more anti-infectives.