| CPC C09K 11/7791 (2013.01) [A61K 49/0017 (2013.01); A61K 49/1824 (2013.01); C01F 17/36 (2020.01); B82Y 20/00 (2013.01); B82Y 30/00 (2013.01); B82Y 40/00 (2013.01); C01P 2004/04 (2013.01); C01P 2004/32 (2013.01); C01P 2004/64 (2013.01); C01P 2004/82 (2013.01); C01P 2006/60 (2013.01)] | 10 Claims |

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1. A cubic-phase (α-phase) erbium (Er)-doped near-infrared-II (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm)-emitting nanoparticle, wherein the nanoparticle comprises a core-shell structure comprising an Er-doped core, and wherein the Er-doped core is further doped with cerium (Ce).
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