| CPC A61B 5/02125 (2013.01) [A61B 5/02416 (2013.01); A61B 5/681 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. An apparatus for estimating blood pressure, the apparatus comprising:
a memory storing one or more instructions; and
a processor configured to execute the one or more instructions to:
extract a cardiac output (CO) feature, a first candidate total peripheral resistance (TPR) feature, and a second candidate TPR feature from a bio-signal;
determine one of the first candidate TPR feature and the second candidate TPR feature as a TPR feature based on a direction of change in the CO feature and a direction of change in the first candidate TPR feature between a blood pressure measurement time and a calibration time; and
estimate the blood pressure based on the TPR feature and the CO feature.
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