| CPC C02F 11/127 (2013.01) [B01D 21/02 (2013.01); B01D 21/262 (2013.01); C02F 9/00 (2013.01); C02F 11/147 (2019.01); C10G 1/045 (2013.01); B01D 21/01 (2013.01); C02F 1/52 (2013.01); C02F 2103/10 (2013.01); C02F 2305/04 (2013.01); E21B 21/068 (2013.01); E21B 43/34 (2013.01)] | 34 Claims |

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1. A method of treating a stream, the method comprising:
providing a tailings stream, wherein the tailings stream—
(i) has a solids content of about 2% to about 40%, by weight, based on the weight of the tailings stream, and
(ii) comprises a clay, wherein the clay is present in the tailings stream at an amount of at least 0.5%, by absolute abundance, based on the solids content of the tailings stream, and wherein the clay comprises a swelling clay;
dewatering the tailings stream with a dewatering apparatus to produce a first cake and a first residual effluent stream, wherein the first residual effluent stream has a solids content of about 0.2% to about 15%, by weight, based on the weight of the first residual effluent stream;
contacting the first residual effluent stream with one or more additives, wherein the one or more additives are selected from the group consisting of a flocculant, a coagulant, a conditioner, a surfactant, and a seeding agent; and
dewatering the first residual effluent stream with a solid bowl centrifuge to produce a second cake and a second residual effluent stream;
wherein the dewatering apparatus comprises a belt press filter, a horizontal belt vacuum filter, a rotary vacuum drum, a rotary vacuum disc filter, a screen bowl centrifuge, a deep cone/paste thickener, a membrane pressure filter, the solid bowl centrifuge, or an additional solid bowl centrifuge.
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