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1. A photovoltaic thermal module for combined generation of electricity and low-temperature heat for heat pumps for generating hot water and building heat, and for building cooling, having a photovoltaic module, on the rear side of which, in the position of use, facing away from the sun, a heat exchanger is situated, wherein the heat exchanger is structured as a plate/air heat exchanger comprising a plurality of interstices, which comprises one or more lines and sheet-metal plates applied to them, wherein the sheet-metal plates are in thermally conductive contact with the photovoltaic module, wherein the heat exchanger comprises sheet-metal end pieces which are structured in such a manner that they serve directly for fixation of the plate/air heat exchanger on the photovoltaic module, wherein the heat exchanger contains at least one channel structure or line through which a liquid or gaseous heat carrier fluid flows, the at least one channel structure or line situated at a distance from the photovoltaic module, wherein the at least one channel structure or line not only stands in direct contact with the ambient air, but also is connected with the photovoltaic module in a thermally conductive manner to form a thermally conductive contact, wherein the thermally conductive contact between the at least one channel structure or line and the photovoltaic module is implemented by means of mechanical pressing combined with gluing, wherein the surface areas of the heat exchanger that stand in contact with the ambient air are disposed transversely to the plane of expanse of the photovoltaic module and lie directly on the photovoltaic module without coverage and connection over a full area of the photovoltaic module, wherein free spaces are provided between the surface areas of the heat exchanger, wherein the free spaces between the surface areas of the heat exchanger are configured to provide access to the ambient air for the photovoltaic module, and wherein, in conditions when the temperature of the heat carrier fluid is below a freezing point, an accumulation of an amount of ice occurs that does not close the plurality of interstices, and the accumulation of the amount of ice is higher at the at least one channel structure or line than at the photovoltaic module.
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