| CPC H10K 30/10 (2023.02) [H10K 30/88 (2023.02); G06F 3/021 (2013.01); G06F 3/033 (2013.01); H10K 85/331 (2023.02); H10K 85/654 (2023.02); H10K 2102/00 (2023.02)] | 20 Claims | 

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               1. A photoelectric conversion element, comprising: 
            a first electrode section; 
                a second electrode section; 
                an electron-transporting section between the first electrode section and the second electrode section; 
                a light-absorbing section; and 
                a hole-transporting section comprising at least one hole transporting material having a spiro-ring structure and an oxidizing agent, 
                wherein the hole-transporting section has a peak that reaches maximum at a Raman shift of 1575 cm−1±10 cm−1 and a peak that reaches maximum at a Raman shift of 1606 cm−1±10 cm−1 in a Raman spectrum obtained by emitting laser light having a wavelength of 532 nm, and has a peak intensity ratio A/B of 0.90 or more, the peak intensity ratio A/B being obtained from a maximum peak intensity A of the peak that reaches maximum at 1575 cm−1±10 cm−1 and a maximum peak intensity B of the peak that reaches maximum at 1606 cm−1±10 cm−1. 
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