receiving, by the first device, at least one first signal comprising first signal properties from at least one second device;

determining, by the first device, estimated first signal properties of the at least one first signal by measuring the first signal properties of the at least one first signal,

wherein the estimated first signal properties comprise time of arrival (TOA) of the at least one first signal;

generating, by the first device, at least one second signal, which comprises second signal properties, based on at least a portion of the estimated first signal properties; and

transmitting, by the first device, the at least one second signal to at least one third device,

wherein estimated second signal properties of the at least one second signal are determined by the at least one third device measuring the second signal properties of the at least one second signal, and

wherein the location of the first device is determined by utilizing at least a portion of the estimated second signal properties.