| CPC A61B 5/0084 (2013.01) [A61B 5/0031 (2013.01); A61B 5/4839 (2013.01); A61B 5/4887 (2013.01); A61B 5/6848 (2013.01); A61B 5/7405 (2013.01); A61B 5/742 (2013.01); A61B 10/0233 (2013.01); A61B 10/04 (2013.01); A61B 18/20 (2013.01); A61B 34/20 (2016.02); A61M 5/46 (2013.01); A61B 5/0538 (2013.01); A61B 5/4872 (2013.01); A61B 5/489 (2013.01); A61B 2018/00577 (2013.01); A61B 2034/2055 (2016.02)] | 19 Claims |

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1. An insertion apparatus, comprising:
a needle having a lumen extending therethrough along a length thereof, the needle having a distal end configured to puncture tissue to enable the insertion apparatus to access a target underlying the tissue;
a cladding layer applied to and circumferentially surrounding the needle; and
an optically-transmissive coating applied to and circumferentially surrounding the cladding layer and provided at least at the distal end of the needle,
wherein, in operation, the optically-transmissive coating is configured to transmit a particular optical radiation at the distal end thereof toward the target after the tissue is punctured.
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