| CPC A61B 34/30 (2016.02) [A61B 34/25 (2016.02); B25J 19/02 (2013.01); B25J 19/06 (2013.01); G01R 31/52 (2020.01); A61B 2034/301 (2016.02)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A robotic system comprising:
an electrical ground line;
a protective-earth line electrically coupled to the electrical ground line at a first point; and
a testing circuit coupled to the protective-earth line at a second point via an isolation capacitor, the testing circuit comprising a lock-in amplifier and configured to measure an impedance for the protective-earth line.
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