| CPC H04L 65/1073 (2013.01) [H04L 65/1016 (2013.01); H04L 65/1053 (2013.01); H04L 65/1104 (2022.05); H04W 76/12 (2018.02); H04W 4/90 (2018.02); H04W 80/10 (2013.01); H04W 84/04 (2013.01)] | 16 Claims |

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1. A method, comprising:
at a user equipment (UE) registered to a stand-alone non-public network (SNPN):
transmitting an access network query protocol (ANQP) query to a data network;
receiving an ANQP response from the data network in response to the ANQP query, wherein the ANQP response identifies a public land mobile network (PLMN) that is configured to be accessed by the UE via the data network and a non-third generation partnership program (3GPP) interworking function (N3IWF) of the PLMN; and
transmitting a session initiation protocol (SIP) registration request to the PLMN via the data network using an internet protocol (IP) address assigned to the UE during a registration procedure with the SNPN.
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