| CPC H01L 21/02516 (2013.01) [H01L 21/02472 (2013.01); H10B 51/30 (2023.02)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A method, comprising:
forming a bottom electrode over a substrate;
depositing a first seed layer over the bottom electrode, the first seed layer having an amorphous crystal phase;
performing a first surface treatment on the first seed layer, wherein after the first surface treatment the first seed layer includes at least one of a tetragonal crystal phase and an orthorhombic crystal phase;
depositing a dielectric layer over the bottom electrode adjacent to the first seed layer; and
performing a thermal operation on the dielectric layer to thereby convert the dielectric layer into a ferroelectric layer.
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