receiving, at a server, first information indicating a first temperature of a memory system for each write operation of a set of write operations and second information indicating a second temperature of the memory system for each read operation of a set of read operations and an indication of whether the read operation failed, the set of read operations corresponding to locations for the set of write operations;

generating a range of temperatures associated with the memory system performing refresh operations based at least in part on receiving the first information and the second information; and

transmitting an indication of the range of temperatures to the memory system.